02838naa a2200277 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001910000190006024501880007926000090026752019370027665300230221365300130223665300130224965300290226265300200229165300320231165300140234365300330235765300230239070000160241370000180242970000170244770000210246477300750248511208122014-05-06       2014    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d1 aSCHMITZ, J. D.  aEXPLORING BUD DORMANCY COMPLETION WITH A COMBINED ARCHITECTURAL AND PHENOLOGICAL ANALYSISbTHE CASE OF APPLE TREES IN CONTRASTING WINTER TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS.h[electronic resource]  c2014  aPremise of the study: The branching pattern and phenology of trees result from interactions between the tree?s genetic constitution and environmental conditions. Temperature strongly affects the duration of bud dormancy and further shoot growth. Our hypothesis was that shoot architecture is strongly affected by winter temperatures determining both the position and budburst of vegetative laterals with a lower effect on their outgrowth. '? Methods: The study was conducted on four apple cultivars characterized by various chilling requirements and grown in two contrasting winter temperature conditions. A two-step approach was designed to quantify at the shoot scale fi rst the branching pattern and second two phenological stages of vegetative laterals, budburst and outgrowth. A categorical variable, the branching zone, was built to summarize the lateral position along the shoot. It was integrated into the phenological analysis as a factor together with the cultivar and the winter temperature. ? Key results: Temperature had a main effect on the distribution of vegetative laterals along the shoot. It also strongly affected budburst, which was also affected by the cultivar and the branching zone. The outgrowth of the lateral was not signifi cantly affected by temperature but was signifi cantly affected by the cultivar and the branching zone. Furthermore, the delayed senescence and subsequent leaf persistence during winter, characterizing the apple tree in the mild winter temperature condition, had only a weak effect on the distribution of vegetative laterals and on budburst and lateral outgrowth. ? Conclusions: The actual shoot architecture and budburst result from an ordered sequence of events with a pivotal role of winter temperatures on the dormancy completion of individual lateral buds. Endogenous factors related to the cultivar branching pattern overtake the temperature effect on the lateral outgrowth.  abranching dynamics  abudburst  adormancy  ahidden semi-Markov chain  aMalus domestica  amultiple change-point model  aphenology  avegetative proleptic lateral  awinter temperature1 aGUÉDON, Y.1 aHERTER, F. G.1 aLEITE, G. B.1 aLAURI, P. -. É.  tAmerican Journal of Botany, St. Louisgv. 101, n. 3, p. 398-407, 2014.