Data/hora: 26/06/2024 16:03:55

Biblioteca(s): | Epagri-Sede.
Data corrente: | 14/02/2005
Data da última atualização: | 14/02/2005
Autoria: | BONETI, J.I.da S.; PEREIRA, A.J.; BRIGHENTI, E.; KATSURAYAMA, Y.; TSUCHIYA, S.
Afiliação: | Epagri
Título: | Situacao atual e perspectiva de obtencao de cultivares e porta-enxertos de macieira resistentes as doencas, para a regiao subtropical.
Ano de publicação: | 2001
Fonte/Imprenta: | SEMINARIO SOBRE FRUTICULTURA DE CLIMA TEMPERADO, 1., 2001, Florianopolis, SC. Anais... Florianopolis: Epagri, 2001.
Páginas: | p.39-52.
Idioma: | Português
Conteúdo: | The apple industry in Brazil began in the end of the decade of 1960, when the country passed the totally importer of apples for the exporter. For these years the apple growers were changing the varieties and rootstocks with objetive of to increase the productive efficiency and to satisfy the consumer, more and more demanding. Nowadays, gala and fuji are the varieties more plnted, and Marubakaido, Marubakaido/M.9, M.7, MM.106, M.9 and M.26 are the most used rootstocks. In spite of well accept for the consumers, these varieties are very susceptible to many diseases. The rootstocks can be susceptible to root diseases, viroses, pests, emission of burrknots, besides vigor excess, in some cases and lack of adaptation to the climate and soil of the south of Brazil. So, the control of the diseases and pests are made through the application of fungicides and insecticides. Theses products, if not well-handled can intoxicate the man, contaminate the environment and increases significanthy the cost of production. The use of naturally resistant varieties and rootstocks is a very important factor for the establishment of the integrated pest management, inside of a concept of integrated production of apples or an organic production. In this sense, Epagri through the Sao Joaquim and Cacador Experimental Stations are developing an Apple Breeding Project, initiate in the decade of 1970, with objetive of obtaining new improved varieties on rootstocks, productive, well adapted to the climate conditions and soil of the south of Brazil, and resistant to the main pests and diseases. Until the present moment the following apple scab resistant varieties were already released: Primicia, Fred Hough, Catarina and Duquesa. These varieties are being still evaluated for the apple growers and some commercial plantings are already being made with the Catarina. On the other hand, the Gala Leaf Spot (GLS), that is a typically Brazilian disease and not very well known, caused by Colletotrichum spp., it is becoming more and more important due to severity with that shows in hot and rainy yers. This way, besides the Scab, it is also necessary to create new varieties with the Gala quality and that are resistant to GLS. The rootstocks are also fundamental for the success of the apple cultivation. Now there in tendency of high density  planting with use of dwarfing and semi-dwarfing rootstock. As most of the orchards of Sao Joaquim's area is cultivated with the Marubakaido rootstock that is resistant to the Collar Rot, but extemely vigorous, and the other areas with M.7, moderately resistant the this disease and susceptible to Woolly Aphids, is necessary to search new adapted materials to the conditions of the south of Brazil, that are resistant the main diseases and pests of the soil. In this papers is present the results obtained in the Epagri Apple Breeding Project in the last years aiming at the obtaining of new apple variaties and rootstocks.
Palavras-Chave: | Doenca; Maca; Malus domestica; Melhoramento genetico vegetal; Variedade resistente.
Categoria do assunto: | --
Registro original: | Epagri-Sede (Epagri-Sede)
Exemplares: | Epagri-Sede - (34972-1) - UPC - PL - -- -  -  - 0000.11751 - DIS