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| Registros recuperados : 5 | |
| 3. |  | FONSECA, L. F. L. da; RODRIGUES, P. H. M.; LIMA, A. P.,; LUCCI, C. de S.; SANTOS, M. V. dos. Suplementacao de propilenoglicol para vacas no periodo peri-parto: efeitos sobre incidencia de cetose, producao leiteira, escore corporal e primeiro estro pos-parto. Acta Scientiarum: Animal Sciences, v. 25, n. 1, p. 177-183, jan./june, 2003.| Biblioteca(s): Epagri-Sede. |
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| 4. | | FONSECA, L. F. L. da; RODRIGUES, P. H. M.; SANTOS, M. V. dos; LIMA, A. P.; LUCCI, C. de S. Supplementation of dairy cows with propylene giycol during the periparturient period: effects on body condition score, milk yield, first estrus post-partum, B-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids and glucose concentrations. Ciencia Rural, Santa Maria, v. 34, n. 3, p. 897-903, maio/jun. 2004.| Biblioteca(s): Epagri-Sede. |
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| 5. | | OLIVAL, A.de A.; SPEXOTO, A.A.; CAMPOS, D.F.S.; FERREIRA, F.; FONSECA, L.F.L.da; SANTOS, M.V.dos; DIAS, R.A. Habitos de consumo do leite informal, associados ao risco de transmissao de doencas, no municipio de Pirassununga, SP. Higiene Alimentar, Sao Paulo, v.16, n.102/103, p.35-40, nov./dez. 2002.| Biblioteca(s): Epagri-Sede. |
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| Registros recuperados : 5 | |
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Registro Completo
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Biblioteca(s): |
Epagri-Sede. |
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Data corrente: |
09/09/2021 |
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Data da última atualização: |
09/09/2021 |
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Tipo da produção científica: |
Capítulo em Livro Técnico-Científico |
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Autoria: |
GUIMARAES, G. G. F.; RIBEIRO, C. |
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Título: |
CONTROLLED RELEASE TECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURAL. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2021 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
In: LEY, C. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Hoboken, Nova Jersey, EUA: Wiley & Sons, 2021. p. 1-17 |
|
Idioma: |
Inglês |
|
Conteúdo: |
The agricultural sector is continually seeking new technologies to increase the
efficiency of inputs and minimize possible environmental impacts. These players
have been proposing to utilize controlled release technologies to optimize the
delivery of nutrients to plants or chemicals to control weeds, pests, and diseases,
for example, herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides targets (1). Despite being a
technology also used in other agrichemicals, this article emphasizes the slow and
controlled release of fertilizers (CRFs), given the higher demand and importance
for crop production. Compared to conventional fertilizers, the main advantage is
the reduction installments of fertilizers, which reflects in labor, energy, and time
savings. Moreover, CRFs reduce the phytotoxicity by the rapid release of nutrients,
which leads to high ionic concentrations in soil and nutrient loss (eg, through
ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching) (2,3). There are controlled-release products for different nutrients, but to the best
of our knowledge, there is a particular concern in nitrogen management due to
its high demand. Compared to all other nutrients, the vast majority of available
products and ongoing developments deal with nitrogen utilization. The world
production of stabilized, slow, or controlled release of nitrogen fertilizers in 2014
was approximately 11.6 million tons, with projections indicating a future global
market growth of 7.5 million tons (4). Asia figures as the biggest producer and
consumer, with emphasis on China, which uses 2.8 million tons of nitrogen CRFs. Of
this total, 36% are stabilized fertilizers, 26% are sulfur-coated granules, 24% are
urea formaldehyde (UF), and 14% are polymer-coated fertilizers (4). The Indian
market consumes approximately 6.3 million tons of CRFs. Of this total, the stabilized
fertilizer most used by Indian agriculture is urea coated or treated with
neem oil, whose utilization is encouraged by the Indian government (4). This oil
is extracted from the tree (Azadirachta indica) and acts as an inhibitor of nitrification
and urease activity (5). The consumption of enhanced efficiency fertilizers in North America and
Latin America are 1.2 and 1.0 million tons, respectively. Despite similar consumption,
in North America, there is a predominance of controlled-release fertilizers, and in Latin America of stabilized fertilizers (4). Europe, on the other
hand, has lower CRFs production and consumption, with values close to 140 000
tons. In general, the worldwide consumption of stabilized nitrogen fertilizers,
slow or controlled release in 2014, was over 12 million tons. Projections indicate
that the global market possibly grows by 7.5 million tons in the upcoming
years. Conventionally, all fertilizers that have undergone some modification to
increase their agronomic efficiency, economic or environmental benefits, are
named ?Enhanced-Efficiency Fertilizers? (6). Nitrogen fertilizers of increased
efficiency are grouped into three categories, according to the technologies used
to increase efficiency: slow, controlled release, and stabilized fertilizers (5). The
Association of American Plant Food Control Officials (AAPFCO) defines slow and
controlled-release fertilizer as ?a fertilizer containing a plant nutrient in a form which delays its availability for
plant uptake and use after application, or which extends its availability to the plant
significantly longer than a reference ?rapidly available nutrient fertilizer? such as
ammonium nitrate or urea, ammonium phosphate, or potassium chloride. Such
delay of initial availability or extended time of continued availability may occur by a
variety of mechanisms. These include controlled water solubility of the material by
semi-permeable coatings, occlusion, protein materials, or other chemical forms, by slow
hydrolysis of water-soluble low molecular weight compounds, or by other unknown
means? (5). MenosThe agricultural sector is continually seeking new technologies to increase the
efficiency of inputs and minimize possible environmental impacts. These players
have been proposing to utilize controlled release technologies to optimize the
delivery of nutrients to plants or chemicals to control weeds, pests, and diseases,
for example, herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides targets (1). Despite being a
technology also used in other agrichemicals, this article emphasizes the slow and
controlled release of fertilizers (CRFs), given the higher demand and importance
for crop production. Compared to conventional fertilizers, the main advantage is
the reduction installments of fertilizers, which reflects in labor, energy, and time
savings. Moreover, CRFs reduce the phytotoxicity by the rapid release of nutrients,
which leads to high ionic concentrations in soil and nutrient loss (eg, through
ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching) (2,3). There are controlled-release products for different nutrients, but to the best
of our knowledge, there is a particular concern in nitrogen management due to
its high demand. Compared to all other nutrients, the vast majority of available
products and ongoing developments deal with nitrogen utilization. The world
production of stabilized, slow, or controlled release of nitrogen fertilizers in 2014
was approximately 11.6 million tons, with projections indicating a future global
market growth of 7.5 million tons (4). Asia figures as the bigge... Mostrar Tudo |
|
Palavras-Chave: |
Fertilizer; Nutrients. |
|
Categoria do assunto: |
F Plantas e Produtos de Origem Vegetal |
|
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|
Marc: |
LEADER 04436naa a2200157 a 4500
001 1131188
005 2021-09-09
008 2021 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
100 1 $aGUIMARAES, G. G. F.
245 $aCONTROLLED RELEASE TECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURAL.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2021
520 $aThe agricultural sector is continually seeking new technologies to increase the efficiency of inputs and minimize possible environmental impacts. These players have been proposing to utilize controlled release technologies to optimize the delivery of nutrients to plants or chemicals to control weeds, pests, and diseases, for example, herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides targets (1). Despite being a technology also used in other agrichemicals, this article emphasizes the slow and controlled release of fertilizers (CRFs), given the higher demand and importance for crop production. Compared to conventional fertilizers, the main advantage is the reduction installments of fertilizers, which reflects in labor, energy, and time savings. Moreover, CRFs reduce the phytotoxicity by the rapid release of nutrients, which leads to high ionic concentrations in soil and nutrient loss (eg, through ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching) (2,3). There are controlled-release products for different nutrients, but to the best of our knowledge, there is a particular concern in nitrogen management due to its high demand. Compared to all other nutrients, the vast majority of available products and ongoing developments deal with nitrogen utilization. The world production of stabilized, slow, or controlled release of nitrogen fertilizers in 2014 was approximately 11.6 million tons, with projections indicating a future global market growth of 7.5 million tons (4). Asia figures as the biggest producer and consumer, with emphasis on China, which uses 2.8 million tons of nitrogen CRFs. Of this total, 36% are stabilized fertilizers, 26% are sulfur-coated granules, 24% are urea formaldehyde (UF), and 14% are polymer-coated fertilizers (4). The Indian market consumes approximately 6.3 million tons of CRFs. Of this total, the stabilized fertilizer most used by Indian agriculture is urea coated or treated with neem oil, whose utilization is encouraged by the Indian government (4). This oil is extracted from the tree (Azadirachta indica) and acts as an inhibitor of nitrification and urease activity (5). The consumption of enhanced efficiency fertilizers in North America and Latin America are 1.2 and 1.0 million tons, respectively. Despite similar consumption, in North America, there is a predominance of controlled-release fertilizers, and in Latin America of stabilized fertilizers (4). Europe, on the other hand, has lower CRFs production and consumption, with values close to 140 000 tons. In general, the worldwide consumption of stabilized nitrogen fertilizers, slow or controlled release in 2014, was over 12 million tons. Projections indicate that the global market possibly grows by 7.5 million tons in the upcoming years. Conventionally, all fertilizers that have undergone some modification to increase their agronomic efficiency, economic or environmental benefits, are named ?Enhanced-Efficiency Fertilizers? (6). Nitrogen fertilizers of increased efficiency are grouped into three categories, according to the technologies used to increase efficiency: slow, controlled release, and stabilized fertilizers (5). The Association of American Plant Food Control Officials (AAPFCO) defines slow and controlled-release fertilizer as ?a fertilizer containing a plant nutrient in a form which delays its availability for plant uptake and use after application, or which extends its availability to the plant significantly longer than a reference ?rapidly available nutrient fertilizer? such as ammonium nitrate or urea, ammonium phosphate, or potassium chloride. Such delay of initial availability or extended time of continued availability may occur by a variety of mechanisms. These include controlled water solubility of the material by semi-permeable coatings, occlusion, protein materials, or other chemical forms, by slow hydrolysis of water-soluble low molecular weight compounds, or by other unknown means? (5).
653 $aFertilizer
653 $aNutrients
700 1 $aRIBEIRO, C.
773 $tIn: LEY, C. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Hoboken, Nova Jersey, EUA: Wiley & Sons, 2021. p. 1-17
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